瘦身反彈升至566磅
(2011年02月22日)
減肥變增肥又一例證。曾是全英最肥少女的Georgia Davis，兩年半前赴美參加地獄減肥營，462磅胖軀一度降至252磅(左圖)。但回國一年來，瞬間暴脹至566磅(右圖)，重奪最重磅少女名堂。她歸咎自己志意薄弱兼做鴕鳥，不惜遮住家中鏡子繼續暴食。
http://www.am730.com.hk/article.php?article=45445&d=1421
2011年2月22日星期二
瘦身反彈升至566磅
瘦身反彈升至566磅
(2011年02月22日)
減肥變增肥又一例證。曾是全英最肥少女的Georgia Davis，兩年半前赴美參加地獄減肥營，462磅胖軀一度降至252磅(左圖)。但回國一年來，瞬間暴脹至566磅(右圖)，重奪最重磅少女名堂。她歸咎自己志意薄弱兼做鴕鳥，不惜遮住家中鏡子繼續暴食。
http://www.am730.com.hk/article.php?article=45445&d=1421
常吃甜唔食飯 嫌無味偏食兒童連水都唔飲
2011年02月22日 蘋果日報
小朋友揀飲擇食令家長頭痛不已，持續偏食更隨時導致營養失調。中文大學一項訪問逾 4,000名幼稚園家長的調查顯示，有 45%受訪家長認為兒童普遍有偏食情況，雖然知道偏食影響健康，卻不知道如何糾正子女。多數幼兒不喜歡吃蔬果，只有一成兒童進食足夠的蔬果，部份兒童連米飯、開水及牛奶等基本飲食也抗拒。 記者：鍾麗霞
中大醫學院健康教育及促進健康中心去年 12月一項調查，訪問 27間幼稚園共 4,553名家長，了解幼兒的飲食情況，結果發現，七成幼兒進食五穀類食物的份量剛好達標，但僅約 12%幼童進食充足蔬果，有近六成人進食的蛋白質類及奶品類不達標，約 23%幼兒未能做到每天吃早餐。
甜品作鼓勵 不願吃正餐中心健康推廣主任姜美雲指，調查顯示家長的餵養模式與子女飲食行為有關連。較常以食物來改善子女行為及情緒的家長，例如子女不願吃正餐，家長以飯後甜品作鼓勵，又或成績好可以吃大餐等，子女進食高脂與高糖小食、飲用高糖飲料的比例會較高；相反，若家長採用飲食管理或鼓勵進食的手法，子女的飲食行為較理想。調查又要求家長呈報過去一周子女的偏食或飲食問題，結果發現最多幼童（ 31%）不肯吃蔬菜或生果，其次是不吃肉類、魚或蛋（ 28.2%），更有約 11%人不肯吃飯、 10%人不願喝水、 5.9%人不喝奶。姜美雲表示，小朋友連飲水也抗拒，或與平日飲太多含糖飲品有關，對於無味的白開水感到抗拒，導致水份攝取量不足。調查顯示，小朋友偏愛糖果、含糖飲品及醃製肉類等不健康食品， 26%至 47%幼兒於一周內進食三次或以上；也有近三成幼兒會連皮進食家禽肉。中心總監李大拔教授呼籲，家長要以循循善誘的方式，並配搭多樣化食材及健康烹調方法，引導子女改善偏食，也要關注子女常吃高脂、高糖或油炸加工食物的問題，以免在幼年已開始發胖，增加長大後患上心血管疾病、高血壓及關節加重負荷的風險。姜美雲則表示，可採用稱讚或送出小禮物的方式，鼓勵子女吃不喜歡的食物，但禮物最好不要是糖果等。
小朋友揀飲擇食令家長頭痛不已，持續偏食更隨時導致營養失調。中文大學一項訪問逾 4,000名幼稚園家長的調查顯示，有 45%受訪家長認為兒童普遍有偏食情況，雖然知道偏食影響健康，卻不知道如何糾正子女。多數幼兒不喜歡吃蔬果，只有一成兒童進食足夠的蔬果，部份兒童連米飯、開水及牛奶等基本飲食也抗拒。 記者：鍾麗霞
中大醫學院健康教育及促進健康中心去年 12月一項調查，訪問 27間幼稚園共 4,553名家長，了解幼兒的飲食情況，結果發現，七成幼兒進食五穀類食物的份量剛好達標，但僅約 12%幼童進食充足蔬果，有近六成人進食的蛋白質類及奶品類不達標，約 23%幼兒未能做到每天吃早餐。
甜品作鼓勵 不願吃正餐中心健康推廣主任姜美雲指，調查顯示家長的餵養模式與子女飲食行為有關連。較常以食物來改善子女行為及情緒的家長，例如子女不願吃正餐，家長以飯後甜品作鼓勵，又或成績好可以吃大餐等，子女進食高脂與高糖小食、飲用高糖飲料的比例會較高；相反，若家長採用飲食管理或鼓勵進食的手法，子女的飲食行為較理想。調查又要求家長呈報過去一周子女的偏食或飲食問題，結果發現最多幼童（ 31%）不肯吃蔬菜或生果，其次是不吃肉類、魚或蛋（ 28.2%），更有約 11%人不肯吃飯、 10%人不願喝水、 5.9%人不喝奶。姜美雲表示，小朋友連飲水也抗拒，或與平日飲太多含糖飲品有關，對於無味的白開水感到抗拒，導致水份攝取量不足。調查顯示，小朋友偏愛糖果、含糖飲品及醃製肉類等不健康食品， 26%至 47%幼兒於一周內進食三次或以上；也有近三成幼兒會連皮進食家禽肉。中心總監李大拔教授呼籲，家長要以循循善誘的方式，並配搭多樣化食材及健康烹調方法，引導子女改善偏食，也要關注子女常吃高脂、高糖或油炸加工食物的問題，以免在幼年已開始發胖，增加長大後患上心血管疾病、高血壓及關節加重負荷的風險。姜美雲則表示，可採用稱讚或送出小禮物的方式，鼓勵子女吃不喜歡的食物，但禮物最好不要是糖果等。
2011年2月18日星期五
可口可樂人造色素疑致癌
美環團：可口可樂人造色素疑致癌
(明報)2011年2月18日 星期五 05:05【明報專訊】美國 健康及環境關注組織公眾利益科學中心（Center for Science in the Public Interest，簡稱CSPI）指出，用於製作可口可樂 、百事等汽水的啡色人造焦糖色素，含有兩種致癌化學物，要求禁止使用。本港食物安全中心 發言人稱，會向美國當局了解詳情。
可口可樂否認港府關注
CSPI指這種焦糖人造色素，與在家中使用平底鍋將糖煮融成焦糖不同，它是由糖、阿摩尼亞及亞硝酸鹽在高壓高溫下產生化學作用而成，過程中會產生2-MI和4-MI兩種化學物。美國研究發現2-MI和4-MI會在老鼠身上引致肺癌、肝癌 、甲狀腺癌或白血病 。美國全國毒物學計劃（National Toxicology Pragram）指出，有「清楚證據」證明2-MI和4-MI會令動物致癌，因此可能對人類健康構成威脅，而加州大學戴維斯分校的研究員在5個品牌的可樂中，發現明顯的4-MI水平。
CSPI已要求美國食品及藥物管理局取締焦糖色素，認為在測試可樂中的4-MI水平，可能在美國導致千計癌症個案。但太古可口可樂台灣 分公司昨發表聲明，指該說法不負責任。可口可樂公司稱，許多研究顯示其飲料使用的焦糖不會致癌，而且不含有2-MI成分。聲明又稱，4-MI則普遍存在於許多食物及飲料中，而且會在一般家中烹煮食物的過程中產生，科學中心對4-MI令人致癌的推斷沒有事實根據。
每日新聞/中央社
2011年2月16日星期三
6 Foods That Weaken Bones
6 Foods That Weaken Bones
By Melanie Haiken, Caring.com senior editor
What you eat plays a big role in whether you’re getting the nutrients you need to build strong bones. What might surprise you, though, is that your diet can also play a role in sapping bone strength. Some foods actually leach the minerals right out of the bone, or they block the bone’s ability to regrow. Here, the six biggest bone-sappers:
1. Salt
Salt saps calcium from the bones, weakening them over time. For every 2,300 milligrams of sodium you take in, you lose about 40 milligrams of calcium, dietitians say. One study compared postmenopausal women who ate a high-salt diet with those who didn’t, and the ones who ate a lot of salt lost more bone minerals. Our American diet is unusually salt-heavy; most of us ingest double the 2,300 milligrams of salt we should get in a day, according to the 2005 federal dietary guidelines.
What to do: The quickest, most efficient way to cut salt intake is to avoid processed foods. Research shows that most Americans get 75 percent of their sodium not from table salt but from processed food. Key foods to avoid include processed and deli meats, frozen meals, canned soup, pizza, fast food such as burgers and fries, and canned vegetables.
2. Soft drinks
Soft drinks pose a double-whammy danger to bones. The fizziness in carbonated drinks often comes from phosphoric acid, which ups the rate at which calcium is excreted in the urine. Meanwhile, of course, soft drinks fill you up and satisfy your thirst without providing any of the nutrients you might get from milk or juice.
What to do: When you’re tempted to reach for a cola, instead try milk, calcium- and vitamin D-fortified orange juice, or a fruit smoothie made with yogurt. Or just drink water when you’re thirsty, and eat a diet high in bone-building nutrients
3. Caffeine
The numbers for caffeine aren’t as bad as for salt, but caffeine’s action is similar, leaching calcium from bones. For every 100 milligrams of caffeine (the amount in a small to medium-sized cup of coffee), you lose 6 milligrams of calcium. That’s not a lot, but it can become a problem if you tend to substitute caffeine-containing drinks like iced tea and coffee for beverages that are healthy for bones, like milk and fortified juice.
What to do: Limit yourself to one or two cups of coffee in the morning, then switch to other drinks that don’t have caffeine’s bone-sapping action. Adding milk to your coffee helps to offset the problem, of course.
4. Vitamin A
In the case of vitamin A, recent research is proving that you really can get too much of a good thing. Found in eggs, full-fat dairy, liver, and vitamin-fortified foods, vitamin A is important for vision and the immune system. But the American diet is naturally high in vitamin A, and most multivitamins also contain vitamin A. So it’s possible to get much more than the recommended allotment of 5,000 IUs (international units) a day — which many experts think is too high anyway.
Postmenopausal women, in particular, seem to be susceptible to vitamin A overload. Studies show that women whose intake was higher than 5,000 IUs had more than double the fracture rate of women whose intake was less than 1,600 IUs a day.
What to do: Switch to low-fat or nonfat dairy products only, and eat egg whites rather than whole eggs (all the vitamin A is in the yolk). Also check your multivitamin, and if it’s high in vitamin A, switch to one that isn’t.
5. Alcohol
Think of alcohol as a calcium-blocker; it prevents the bone-building minerals you eat from being absorbed. And heavy drinking disrupts the bone remodeling process by preventing osteoblasts, the bone-building cells, from doing their job. So not only do bones become weaker, but when you do suffer a fracture, alcohol can interfere with healing.
What to do: Limit your drinking to one drink a day, whether that’s wine, beer, or hard alcohol.
6. Hydrogenated oils
Recent studies have found that the process of hydrogenation, which turns liquid vegetable oil into the solid oils used in commercial baking, destroys the vitamin K naturally found in the oils. Vitamin K is essential for strong bones, and vegetable oils such as canola and olive oil are the second-best dietary source of this key nutrient, after green leafy vegetables. However, the amounts of vitamin K we’re talking about are tiny here — one tablespoon of canola oil has 20 micrograms of K, and one tablespoon of olive oil has 6 micrograms, as compared with 120 micrograms in a serving of spinach.
What to do: If you’re eating your greens, you don’t need to worry about this too much. If you’re a big lover of baked goods like muffins and cookies, bake at home using canola oil when possible, and read labels to avoid hydrogenated oils.
http://www.care2.com/greenliving/6-foods-that-weaken-bones-2.html
By Melanie Haiken, Caring.com senior editor
What you eat plays a big role in whether you’re getting the nutrients you need to build strong bones. What might surprise you, though, is that your diet can also play a role in sapping bone strength. Some foods actually leach the minerals right out of the bone, or they block the bone’s ability to regrow. Here, the six biggest bone-sappers:
1. Salt
Salt saps calcium from the bones, weakening them over time. For every 2,300 milligrams of sodium you take in, you lose about 40 milligrams of calcium, dietitians say. One study compared postmenopausal women who ate a high-salt diet with those who didn’t, and the ones who ate a lot of salt lost more bone minerals. Our American diet is unusually salt-heavy; most of us ingest double the 2,300 milligrams of salt we should get in a day, according to the 2005 federal dietary guidelines.
What to do: The quickest, most efficient way to cut salt intake is to avoid processed foods. Research shows that most Americans get 75 percent of their sodium not from table salt but from processed food. Key foods to avoid include processed and deli meats, frozen meals, canned soup, pizza, fast food such as burgers and fries, and canned vegetables.
2. Soft drinks
Soft drinks pose a double-whammy danger to bones. The fizziness in carbonated drinks often comes from phosphoric acid, which ups the rate at which calcium is excreted in the urine. Meanwhile, of course, soft drinks fill you up and satisfy your thirst without providing any of the nutrients you might get from milk or juice.
What to do: When you’re tempted to reach for a cola, instead try milk, calcium- and vitamin D-fortified orange juice, or a fruit smoothie made with yogurt. Or just drink water when you’re thirsty, and eat a diet high in bone-building nutrients
3. Caffeine
The numbers for caffeine aren’t as bad as for salt, but caffeine’s action is similar, leaching calcium from bones. For every 100 milligrams of caffeine (the amount in a small to medium-sized cup of coffee), you lose 6 milligrams of calcium. That’s not a lot, but it can become a problem if you tend to substitute caffeine-containing drinks like iced tea and coffee for beverages that are healthy for bones, like milk and fortified juice.
What to do: Limit yourself to one or two cups of coffee in the morning, then switch to other drinks that don’t have caffeine’s bone-sapping action. Adding milk to your coffee helps to offset the problem, of course.
4. Vitamin A
In the case of vitamin A, recent research is proving that you really can get too much of a good thing. Found in eggs, full-fat dairy, liver, and vitamin-fortified foods, vitamin A is important for vision and the immune system. But the American diet is naturally high in vitamin A, and most multivitamins also contain vitamin A. So it’s possible to get much more than the recommended allotment of 5,000 IUs (international units) a day — which many experts think is too high anyway.
Postmenopausal women, in particular, seem to be susceptible to vitamin A overload. Studies show that women whose intake was higher than 5,000 IUs had more than double the fracture rate of women whose intake was less than 1,600 IUs a day.
What to do: Switch to low-fat or nonfat dairy products only, and eat egg whites rather than whole eggs (all the vitamin A is in the yolk). Also check your multivitamin, and if it’s high in vitamin A, switch to one that isn’t.
5. Alcohol
Think of alcohol as a calcium-blocker; it prevents the bone-building minerals you eat from being absorbed. And heavy drinking disrupts the bone remodeling process by preventing osteoblasts, the bone-building cells, from doing their job. So not only do bones become weaker, but when you do suffer a fracture, alcohol can interfere with healing.
What to do: Limit your drinking to one drink a day, whether that’s wine, beer, or hard alcohol.
6. Hydrogenated oils
Recent studies have found that the process of hydrogenation, which turns liquid vegetable oil into the solid oils used in commercial baking, destroys the vitamin K naturally found in the oils. Vitamin K is essential for strong bones, and vegetable oils such as canola and olive oil are the second-best dietary source of this key nutrient, after green leafy vegetables. However, the amounts of vitamin K we’re talking about are tiny here — one tablespoon of canola oil has 20 micrograms of K, and one tablespoon of olive oil has 6 micrograms, as compared with 120 micrograms in a serving of spinach.
What to do: If you’re eating your greens, you don’t need to worry about this too much. If you’re a big lover of baked goods like muffins and cookies, bake at home using canola oil when possible, and read labels to avoid hydrogenated oils.
http://www.care2.com/greenliving/6-foods-that-weaken-bones-2.html
醫療新知﹕健康飲食助長壽
醫療新知﹕健康飲食助長壽
(明報)2011年2月14日 星期一 05:05【明報專訊】美國 一項長達10年的研究發現，與飲食健康的同齡者相比，70多歲長者若多吃高脂奶製品或甜品，死亡率高出40%。
美國馬里蘭大學研究人員安德森（Amy L. Anderson）和她的同事，監測了2582名70至79歲老年人的飲食習慣，並歸類為6種類型或群組：
健康飲食﹕攝入較多低脂奶製品、水果、全穀、家禽、魚類和蔬菜；較少肉類、油炸、甜食、高能量飲品和添加脂肪
高脂奶製品﹕吃較多雪糕、芝士、2%低脂和全脂牛奶和乳酪；較少攝入家禽、低脂奶製品、飯和麵食
甜食﹕吃較多甜甜圈、蛋糕、 曲奇、布甸、朱古力和糖果；較少吃水果、魚和其他海產，以及深綠色蔬菜
肉類、油炸食品和酒類﹕喝較多啤酒、烈酒、高能量飲品，吃較多炸雞、蛋黃醬和沙律醬、果仁、零食、米飯臯悜鼎M添加脂肪；較少攝入低脂奶製品、纖維癑Ⅴ\類早餐和其他穀類早餐
穀類早餐﹕攝入較多纖維癑Ⅴ\類早餐和其他穀類早餐（尤其是後者）；較少攝入果仁、精製五穀、深黃色和深綠色蔬菜
細糧﹕攝入較多精製五穀食品（如煎餅、窩夫、麵包、鬆餅、熟麥片如燕麥粥）和加工肉類（如煙肉、香腸、火腿和午餐肉）；較少攝入烈酒、穀類早餐和全穀
總體來說，「健康飲食」者享受健康的時間較其他群組長，死亡率也低。不過，研究尚未清楚為何被歸類為「肉類、油炸食品和酒類」的人死亡風險並沒有明顯高於其他，而這也是目前為止在研究中最常見的飲食類型，但安德森並不建議老人採用這種飲食方式。
翻譯﹕《明報》國際組
2011年2月5日星期六
We’re Getting Too Fat
We’re Getting Too Fat
posted by Melissa Breyer Jan 31, 2011 3:01 pm
The federal government just released the 7th edition of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans–their nutritional guidelines created to promote health, reduce the risk of chronic diseases, and to help reduce the epidemic of obesity that is crippling the country.
More than one-third of children and more than two-thirds of adults in the United States are overweight or obese, thus, the new Dietary Guidelines places a stronger emphasis (than prior editions) on reducing calorie consumption and increasing physical activity. The state of our national health is pretty abysmal, and most of it can be linked to our eating habits. How’s this for a summary? 81.1 million Americans have cardiovascular disease; 74.5 million have hypertension; 24 million have diabetes; almost one in two will be diagnosed with cancer during their lifetime; one out of every two women and one in four men ages 50 years and older will have an osteoporosis-related fracture in their lifetime
According to Secretary of Agriculture, Tom Vilsack, “These new and improved dietary recommendations give individuals the information to make thoughtful choices of healthier foods in the right portions and to complement those choices with physical activity.” Not for nothing, but I’m not sure how much help a 95-page report can really offer.
Essentially, we have a 95-page report versus the $1.6 billion dollars spent annually by food makers to market junk food.
In the late 1970s, 15 percent of adults were obese. In 2008, 34 percent of adults were obese. The food supply has changed dramatically over the
past 40 years. Foods available for consumption increased in all major food categories from 1970 to 2008. Average daily calories available per person in the marketplace increased by approximately 600 calories.
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans include 23 Key Recommendations for the general population, here are the highlights:
• Enjoy your food, but eat less.
• Avoid oversized portions.
• Make half your plate fruits and vegetables.
• Compare sodium in foods like soup, bread, and frozen meals – and choose the foods with lower numbers.
• Drink water instead of sugary drinks.
Now picture the barrage of fast food advertisements and what they offer; talk about major disconnect! Aside from basic practices of healthy eating and encouraging exercise, the new guidelines mention specifics, such as:
• Reduce daily sodium intake to less than 2,300 milligrams (mg) and further reduce intake to 1,500 mg among persons who are 51 and older and those of any age who are African American or have hypertension, diabetes, or chronic kidney disease. The 1,500 mg recommendation applies to about half of the U.S. population, including children, and the majority of adults. Just for some perspective, here are the sodium content amounts for a few common fast food items:
Burger King BK Big Fish: 1450 mg
Whopper with cheese: 1450 mg
Wendy’s Baconator: 1880 mg
McDonald’s Big Breakfast with Hotcakes 2260 mg
Burger King Biscuits and Sausage Gravy: 2350 mg
Other suggestions include:
• Consume less than 10 percent of calories from saturated fatty acids by replacing them with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.
• Consume less than 300 mg per day of dietary cholesterol.
• Keep trans fatty acid consumption as low as possible by limiting foods that contain synthetic sources of trans fats, such as partially hydrogenated oils, and by limiting other solid fats.
• Reduce the intake of calories from solid fats and added sugars.
• Limit the consumption of foods that contain refined grains, especially refined grain foods that contain solid fats, added sugars, and sodium.
It’s heartening to see that the government is realizing just what a problem obesity has become, but we’re going to need more than a 95-page report to get this country’s health back in line. Why can’t the fast food/junk food industry be held accountable for some of these tasks?
Read more: http://www.care2.com/greenliving/were-getting-too-fat.html#ixzz1D0qnjccU
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